The first preventive inspections of the child

From eight routine inspections of the child first two fall to the postnatal period. During these surveys at once diagnose and eliminate as far as possible the gross infringements connected with a transitive condition in the adaptation to new conditions of existence, and reveal probable deviations from normal development.
The first medical inspection registers the general state of health of the newborn on scale Апгар at once after a birth in case of need to render the emergency help.
The purpose of the basic medical inspection of the newborn — all-round inspection about revealing of the possible diseases dangerous to a life, and metabolism infringements as soon as possible to appoint corresponding treatment.
Revealing of diseases of a metabolism
Under the analysis of several drops of blood which take, as a rule, from a heel of the newborn, experts of the modern laboratories equipped with the newest equipment can establish presence of infringements of a metabolism. Fortunately, the illnesses listed more low, meet seldom enough. They have difficult names which are difficultly read and said. At early выявлени occurrence of dangerous consequences is possible to warn them.
Фенилкетонурия is a heavy hereditary disease from group фер ментопатий which is caused by anomaly аминокислотного an exchange. As a result of exchange infringement фенилаланина collect intermediate an exchange product, in particular фенилпировиноградная acid which damage a brain Illness is shown mainly by weak-mindedness or идиотией, predisposition to spasms in the first years of a life. If it not to treat, it is aggravated Treatment reduced basically to a special diet at which sharply limit the products containing фенилаланин,
In a basis галактоземии exchange infringement галактозы lays, compound is frequent dairy sugar which owing to congenital энзимопатии is not acquired, result it collects in blood in the big concentration. Возникае an intoxication of an organism which is shown already in the first days of a life. Пропада ет appetite, there is a vomiting and a diarrhoeia, the child grows thin. Are amazed bakes kidneys, there is a cataract later, intellectual insufficiency develops. Пр to untimely diagnostics disease progresses, that leads тяже лым to irreversible consequences or death at chest age. Unique ме тод treatments — a diet at which the child raise dairy смесяме deprived of lactose. Later from a food exclude маточные products, including a butter.
And at «illness of a sugar maple» (the name is given because urine ребенк, sick of this illness, has a smell of a syrup of a sugar maple or карамели) реч goes about hereditary infringement of a metabolism. At given энзимопатии such amino acids as лейцин, изолейцин and валин, in результа there is the heavy poisoning of an organism leading deadly исхо are acquired, Disease is shown in the first days of a life. Brain functions are broken. The child refuses food, loses consciousness, spasms are observed and is broken breath. If it not to treat, he will die within several days or weeks, seldom lives about one year.
If the diagnosis is put in due time, treatment can be successful. It ключается in diet appointment at which the mix of the amino acids which structure are excluded лейцин is given to the child, изолейцин and валин. Диетотерапию to a trace to spend only in clinic.
One of the important elements of inspection of children during the postnatal period явля ся definition of a condition of a thyroid gland and its functions. Thus aim in whose — to reveal, whether sufficient quantity of hormones and enzymes вырабатыва a thyroid gland. In connection with a congenital lack of enzymes, участв ющих in synthesis of hormones, at children one of most frequent a wind ющихся thyroid gland diseases — гипотиреоз is observed. Already at a birth and the first months of a life can be expressed disease symptoms: such д inertly suck, they are inclined to locks, at them typical old-looking wrinkles »the person with the senseless expression, the increased language, rough dry to blown up a stomach. Changes in all bodies and systems are marked. Характе backlog in mental and physical development.

At the timely diagnosis long-term course of treatment by thyroid gland preparations is appointed. In time the appointed treatment prevents infringements of development of the child with heavy consequences.
The illness name муковисцидоз was formed of two words: мукус — slime, мокрота; вискосус — viscous, dense. At the heart of disease the pathological condensation of a secret слизеобразующих glands lays. This disease of hereditary character amazes organism glands, lungs, a pancreas and an intestines are mainly amazed. As a result of infringement of an exchange of cellular substance there is a corking of exhaust outlets of glands.
At newborns investigate меконий, i.e. first-born кал. At positive results of research carry out additional researches to appoint treatment. It includes inhalation procedures which dilute a viscous secret in lungs, a course of antibiotics, medical gymnastics etc.
At children is more senior this illness define to a following sign: when them you kiss, you feel on lips salty smack.
At the newborns which mothers suffer a diabetes, it can be observed гипогликемический a syndrome — decrease in level of sugar in blood if their mothers during pregnancy were not under supervision of the doctor. At a birth such children have usually big weight of a body and make impression especially healthy thanks to a flush and full cheeks. However low level of sugar in blood involves the complications dangerous to a life accompanied by convulsions and a collapse. Immediately appointed treatment allows to cope with this heavy infringement of a metabolism quickly.